The Presidio San Elizario Free Essays

The Presidio of San Elizario In 1598, the Spanish nobleman, Don Juan De Onate from Zacatecas, Mexico was leading a group of Spanish colonists from Mexico to settle the newly discovered province of New Mexico. The group traveled for weeks across the desert until it reached the banks of the Rio Grande River near the San Elizario area. Soon afterward, Onate proclaimed possession of this area in the name of his King, Phillip II. We will write a custom essay sample on The Presidio San Elizario or any similar topic only for you Order Now The small town of San Elizario is named after the French Saint Elcear, the French patron saint of the military. It is one of the oldest communities in the El Paso Area. The community was established during the late 1700’s. A presidio was built in the area in order to protect the Spanish settlers from the attacking Apache and Comanche Indian raiders. The exact date of when the presidio of San Elizario was first built remains a debate between many local historians. One well known area historian, Metz, writes, â€Å"The original presidio was built around 1773 and that the original chapel was built of mostly adobe and some wood, and took approximately 40 years to construct. Most of the work was done by prisoners, some of them Indian, mostly Apache. (254). As noted by an online source, the presidio itself was surrounded by a double wall of adobe measuring 13 feet tall by seven feet wide. Inside were barracks for soldiers and special officer quarters. Also within the fort were family residences, corrals, store rooms, and a small chapel. This small chapel was built in a box pattern reflecting the early â€Å"European colonialism. † (San Elizario). The chapel has gone through major changes throughout its history, yet still remains close to its original location to this day. As historian John O. West notes, the San Elizario Presidio is often mistaken as a mission. However, the presidio of San Elizario was not created to convert the local natives to Christianity, but in fact was created as a fort or presidio to protect the Camino Real and other area settlements from Apache and Comanche Indian raiders. (19). An online source also notes that the presidio was involved in numerous military engagements and natural disasters which forced its movement many times throughout it’s early history. (Reyes). According to another historian, Douglas Kent Hall, â€Å"The presidio was moved 37 miles up the Rio Grande in 1780 to its current site. † (131). According to another internet source, â€Å"During the early 1830’s the unpredictable Rio Grande River changed course, virtually isolating San Elizario and its surrounding communities as an island in the middle of the Rio Grande. † (San Elizario). After the US-Mexico War of 1846-1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, establishing the Rio Grande River as the boundary between Texas and Mexico. This left San Elizario to become part of what is now the state of Texas. San Elizario is steeped in both Texas, and Hispanic history. Still remaining today, the San Elizario presidio and chapel has moved many times and gone through many changes since its original construction. One online source notes, in 1829, the Rio Grande flooded completely destroying the â€Å"Chapel at San Elizario. † (San Elizario). A different Website points out that the chapel that stands in the same location today was rebuilt in 1882. (Kohut). Another online source notes, the exterior has changed little from its original construction. The main difference was in the change of the front â€Å"facade,† as this added to the, â€Å"early European colonial,† influence on the contemporary construction of the time. A fire destroyed much of the interior of the chapel in 1935. The inside has undergone dramatic changes since then, again reflecting the influence of â€Å"European architectural style. † With â€Å"pressed-tin† covering the original ceiling covers and beams. Several additions have also been made to the exterior of the chapel. For instance, an orchard has been added to the east side of the chapel and the surrounding plaza. More adobe structures have also been added to the surrounding area in order to add to the formality of the area. The formal rectangular patterned streets and building orientation â€Å"reflects the elements of early Spanish colonialism. † In 1944 the chapel was repainted in order to honor the local soldiers who fought overseas in World War II. (San Elizario). A local college student writes in the Borderlands Website that a â€Å"major restoration of the chapel† began in 1993, however much work still needs to be done to the exterior walls of the structure. The Mission Trail Association, which was formed in 1986, has done much work to uphold the heritage of the chapel at San Elizario and other local Missions. Through their hard work, the Socorro and Ysleta missions, along with the San Elizario chapel have retained their beauty and strength through hundreds of years of faith and devotion. (Reyes). With the help of the Mission Trail Association and donations from tourists and local interest in its preservation, the San Elizario chapel can be a monument for many more generations to enjoy. Works Cited Hall, Douglas Kent. Frontier Spirit: Early Churches of the Southwest. New York: Abbeville Press, 1990. Print. Metz, Leon C. El Paso: Guided Through Time. El Paso, Texas: Mangan Books, 1999. Print. West, John O. â€Å"Presidio Chapel San Elceario: San Elizario, Texas, USA. † The Mission Trail: El Paso/Juarez. Ed. Laura Jusso. El Paso, Texas: Sundance Press, 1996. Print. Reyes, Blanca et al. â€Å"Area Missions are Part of Living History. † Borderlands. Web. 22 Jan 2009. â€Å"San Elizario Walking Tour. † El Paso County History. Web. 18 Dec 2009. Kohout, Martin D. â€Å"San Elizario Presidio. † Handbook of Texas Online. Web. 23 Apr 2009. How to cite The Presidio San Elizario, Essay examples

Sustainability - Diversity And Entrepreneurship

Question: Who are the entrepreneurs in your community (preferably in the USA, in states like Louisiana florida, texas where I live ) and what are they accomplishing? Answer: Introduction An individual can be considered as an entrepreneur if the person runs a business instead of working as an employee. The entrepreneur takes the initiative to start a business, an organization or a startup. The entrepreneur can take all the decision regarding the organization itself. The entrepreneur develops innovative business strategy; buy all the raw material and other resources. The person who treated as entrepreneur is fully responsible for all the risk and returns of the organization. This entrepreneur contributes significantly in the development of an economy through its innovation of new ideas, generation of new job opportunity. These entrepreneurs generally have been operating under the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Examples of an entrepreneur in the USA market A famous entrepreneur in the USA market is Donald Trump. He is known as a pioneer empowering entrepreneur in the real estate sector in USA market. Donald Trump has been running his business organization in New York City. This entrepreneur is known not only for his enormous success but also the frequency of failure he had faced and overcome again and again. Donald Trump has started his business at the late 1960s with his father. This business company has experienced success within a short span of time. Donald had faced many ups and downs during the operation period. At 1992, he had to sign a bankruptcy plan as he was not able to repay his debt of the amount $900 million. At this point generally most of the entrepreneurs give up . But surprisingly, David Trump has managed not only to get out from this debt problem but also increase the credibility and profitability of his company. Now, David Trump becomes a multi- billionaire. The present net worth of his company is $2 billion (Stearns , 2014). References Starrett, J.Expansion and restaurant entrepreneurship. Stearns, T. (2014).Introduction to entreprenuership. [Place of publication not identified]: Kendall Hunt.

Sounds Like You free essay sample

From the moment her charming spirit bounded into my arms, I knew I loved her. Young enough to be my baby sister, we were of no blood relation, but mere acquaintances through my high school cross country team. I held my coach’s three year old daughter in my arms, unable to carry my luggage on to the bus we were about to board for a traveling meet. As I boarded the bus, she buried her head, unyielding to the coos and prods of the other high school girls. She rested perfectly into the pocket that was my shoulder and waist, and slept. She held me as much as I held her, indefinitely assuring her place in my heart as I confirmed my role in life. Naturally, my investment in children was innate from a young age; I became the oldest of four, and found myself perfecting domestic tasks as a caretaker while my parents worked. We will write a custom essay sample on Sounds Like You or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Between doing homework and supplementary biking and running workouts hours at a time, I came home to responsibilities that eventually transcended outside of the house. Inevitably, I became the â€Å"mom† to my friends, someone they relied on to make the best judgment in any situation (in addition to cooking, baking, and cleaning up their mistakes). I started babysitting consistently for a few families throughout the week and consequently, found myself becoming attached to these kids, these families, as if they were my own. Having been part of various athletic teams and forging close bonds with friends, an idealized family that was different from my own began to take shape as I adopted â€Å"second-families†. This exposure inspired a deep-rooted conception of what an ideal family should look like in my eyes. Consequently, my immediate family inevitably became unfit for that seemingly unrealistic archetype. My family soon became flawed: their mistakes and feeble actions were unjustifiable. I was dissatisfied and disheartened easily, as my expectations were hard to fulfill; as a result, my presence at home and in their lives became very secluded and private. However, this high level of expectation began to dwindle as my need for attention and support became apparent. Long nights of studying for a full schedule of AP classes after arduous training resulted in a panic level that brought about my vulnerability. I became sick easily, hindering my performance in the classroom and in the middle of my last high school cross-country season; it was apparent that the amount of responsibility I had taken upon myself was overwhelming as the need to perfect each and every task became unfeasible. However, I found encouragement and guidance when the stress that I inherently brought upon myself would cease to fade. I began to accept the need for parenting, and it became clear that my parents were constantly endorsing my achievements and goals with unyielding support and guidance. I come from a family in which bloodlines do not all coincide. My family is a large community of parents, teammates, mentors, and friends whose unconditional love is ingrained in the purpose of my objectives. Their support is steadfast and uncompromising; they help me to realize my accomplishments when they are abstract in my eyes; in turn, they encourage me to maximize my potential in all respects, despite the obstacles that I may incur. They have inspired me to find the positive in each task that I undertake, be it a homework assignment, test, cross-country practice, or race. To this day, as I lace up my running shoes, hold a pencil in hand, or peer down at a book on my lap, it is not without the strength and vigor of my family at heart. Although we held no commitment to each other, she inspired my consistent volition to care for others in times of need. Her uncompelled love would ultimately compel my motivation to inspire others to love unconditionally in order to bridge the gap that is fear and trust.

The Wars of Religion essays

The Wars of Religion essays Two major religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries were the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years War with the Catholics fighting against the Protestants. They were both thought on the grounds of politics and religion and they changed the course of European history. No longer would the Holy Roman Empire exist as a competition to the French, but it would fall apart. The wars started with France and Germany in a state of decomposition, but France would emerge powerful unlike Germany which became destroyed after the Thirty Years War. The French Wars of Religion were fought because of religious controversy and for political power. With the death of Henry II the country had no firm ruler as he left three sons, various groups would fight in order to influence the sons. The civil wars were fought in an absence of government, with the Catholics fighting the Huguenots. The fighting escalated after Catherine de Medici (Henry IIs wife) killed a number of Huguenots on St. Bartholomews Day and angered the Huguenots even more. After years of fighting a group called the Politiques emerged, they believed that religion differences do not justify this war, and Henry IV emerged as King and a Politique. To end the war he became a Catholic and also issued the Edict of Nantes, which gave Catholics and Huguenots equal civil rights. This allowed France to become unified. The Thirty Years War occurred because there was a religious struggle between many Protestants and Catholics and because there was power struggle between the princes (mainly Protestant) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Emperor (Catholic). The Emperor wanted a central unified power but the princes wanted to be independent. It began with the Defenstration of Prague, where protestant Czech nobles threw some Catholic Habsburg governors out of a window. The Danes, the Swedes, and the French participated in the war, all of them favoring the Prot...

What Is an Unsubsidized Loan Definition and Explanation

What Is an Unsubsidized Loan Definition and Explanation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You have a general idea of what it means to take out a loan, but calling a loan "unsubsidized" makes it sound a bit suspicious. What is an unsubsidized loan, and how are they different from subsidized loans? Are they good options if you're considering taking on student debt? Here's the unsubsidized loan definition: a Direct Unsubsidized loan is one type of financial aid provided by the US federal government, or more specifically, the US Department of Education. You can also receive Direct Subsidized loans as part of your financial aid package. In this post, I'll discuss why these loans exist, before talking in more detail about how loans usually work. With this information, you'll be able to get a full understanding of the details of Direct Unsubsidized loans and whether they may be a good option for you. A Brief History of Federal Student Loans In the 1950s, the US government started taking seriousmeasures to encourage the pursuit of post-secondary education. The Department of Education started offering government-backed loans under the National Defense Education Act, or NDEA - as more people pursue college educations, these loan programs have expanded. As of 2012, almost 70% of students graduating from 4-year colleges have taken out some amount of student loans. Because federal loans are government-backed (that is, you're essentially borrowing and repaying taxpayer money to fund your education), interest rates tend to be better than those of private loans. We'll go more into why interest rates are important in the next section. What Does It Mean to Take Out a Loan? The decision to take out a loan is a very personal one, but you should know there's nothing inherently bad about being in student debt. Here, I'll address the logistics of taking on student debt. I hope that with this information, you'll be able to make educated decisions about taking out loans. (If you are already familiar with this information, just jump to the next section). The way that loans work is pretty standard, no matter where you're getting the loan from. You borrow a sum of money, or principal, from some lender - usually a bank (in the case of Direct Unsubsidized loans, the lender is the federal government). You also agree to particular loan terms, including interest rates and length of repayment. When you make loan payments, which usually happens on a monthly basis, you pay back a portion of the principal plus extra money: the interest, or a percentage of the principal that's accrued (accumulated).The longer you take to pay back the loan, the more interest accrues. The bigger your principal, the more interest accrues. You can think about interest as a charge or a fee that you pay to your lender. Interest is how lenders make money on loans. It usually starts accruing as soon as the loan is disbursed (when the money is given out, or provided to you. Sometimes, the interest that has accrued on your loan is added to your principle. When new interest accrues, it will be on this new, larger principle.This is called capitalization - when this happens, you start paying interest on more than your original loan amount, which means more interest. Loans can be really helpful when it comes to paying for school, but as you may have guessed, people generally don't love being in student debt. When thinking about how much student debt you can afford, it may be helpful to consider the amount of debt you plan on taking out in relation to your expected earnings post-graduation. The more questions you have answered about taking out student loans, the more likely you are to make a decision that's right for you. Direct Unsubsidized Loan Details There are some standardized limits, restrictions, and repayment terms for all students who take out Direct Unsubsidized loans. They don't have some of the perks of Direct Subsidized loans, but they do offer more flexibility. First, there are limits to how much money you can take out in subsidized loans. These annual maximums depend on your year in school: Year Dependent Students Independent Students 1st Year Undergrad Annual Limit $5,500 $9,500 2nd Year Undergrad Annual Limit $6,500 $10,500 3rd Year Undergrad Beyond Annual Limit $7,500 $12,500 Graduate/Professional Student Annual Limit Not applicable $20,500 Total Loan Lifetime Max (includes subsidized loan amounts) $31,000 $57,500 for undergrads $138,500 for grad/professional students (includes any federal loans received for undergrad study) A few notes on these maximums: The vast majority of undergraduate students are classified as dependent. You can read more about dependent/independent classifications here These loan maximums include any money you take out in Direct Subsidized loans. For example, if I take $3,500 in subsidized loans my freshman year as a dependent student, I could take out a maximum of $2,000 in unsubsidized loans that year. These maximums do not include any private loans, or loans that your parents may take out. Unlike Direct Subsidized loans, there's no maximum eligibility window or period for Direct Unsubsidized loans. Interest rates are generally pretty competitive, and are standardized (so, personal credit history doesn't affect interest rates).Rates are slightly higher for graduate/professional students than they are for undergraduates. For 2015-2016, the interest rate is 4.29% for undergraduates, 5.84% for graduate/professional students. Finally, repayment plans (including details about the amount you owe every month, and the amount of time you have to pay back your loans) can be customized, and will depend on variables such as your principle balance and your income.Standard repayment plans set up monthly payments so that you pay off your principle + interest in 120 months, or 10 years. How Are Unsubsidized Loans Different From Subsidized Loans? If you've looked into private loans to help pay for school, you probably recognize that Direct Unsubsidized loan terms are pretty good. Subsidized loans are a bit of a different animal, in that they offer certain perks that you won't find elsewhere.I'll use an example here to demonstrate the long-term financial outcomes of a subsidized vs. unsubsidized loan. Say I take outa $3,500 loan to pay for school my freshman year, at an interest rate of 4.29%. The chart below outlines different outcomes based on loan type if I don't make any payments while still in school. UNSUBSIDIZED SUBSIDIZED Amount Borrowed $3,500 $3,500 Interest Rate 4.29% 4.29% Interest Accrued During School (4 years) $640 $0 Balance Owed at Graduation $4,140 $3,500 Time to Payoff at $50/month (Interest accrues for both subsidized and unsubsidized loans during this period) 99 months 81 months Total Amount Paid $4,950 $4,050 Standard repayment plans for federal student loans set a timeline of 120 months until payoff, but the minimum monthly payments are $50.In this example, it would take me much less time (81 months vs. 99 months) and much less money ($4,050 vs. $4,950) to pay back a subsidized loan vs an unsubsidized loan. Many students have some combination of subsidized and unsubsidized loans. If you decide to take out federal student loans, you should max out your Direct Subsidized loan eligibility before taking out any Direct Unsubsidized loans. Who's Eligible for Direct Unsubsidized Loans? If you're looking for aid to bridge the gap between what you have and what you need to pay for college, unsubsidized loans are good options if you meet all the eligibility requirements. Eligibility requirements are not as strict for Direct Unsubsidized loans as they are for Direct Subsidized loans. They're open to both undergraduate and graduate students, and you don't need to demonstrate financial need to be eligible. You do, however, need to meet all federal financial aid requirements. The following charts list these requirements. You must do all of the following: Have ahigh school diploma, GED, or approved homeschool education Be enrolled or accepted to enroll in aneligible degree/certificate program You can check with your school/program’s financial aid office if you want to confirm eligibility Be registered withSelective Service, if you are male and between 18-25 years old If applicable, you canregister on the SS website Have a validSocial Security Number(unless you’re from the Marshall Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, or the Republic of Palau) Sign statements on the FAFSAstating that (1) you’re not in default, and do not owe refund money, on a federal student loan, and (2) you’ll only use federal aid money to help pay for your education Access the FAFSA Maintain â€Å"satisfactory† progress in school If you’re concerned about your academic performance, or have questions about what is considered â€Å"satisfactory,† set up a meeting with your dean or other school administrator. In addition to the requirements listed in the chart above,you must be able to check one of the following options: Be aUS citizenorUS national Have agreen card Have anarrival-departure record Havebattered immigrant status Have aT-Visa How Do You Apply for a Direct Unsubsidized Loan? All things considered, eligibility requirements aren't too stringent for unsubsidized loans. The next step after meeting requirements would be to actually apply for this great financial aid resource. You can apply for all types of federal financial aid, including Direct Subsidized loans, by submitting a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. The federal submission deadline to receive aid for the 2015-2016 academic year is June 30, 2016. You can find detailed instructions on submitting a FAFSAhere. What's Next? You can get an estimate of your federal aid eligibility, including the amount you could take out in Direct Subsidized loans, by following steps listed in ourPell Grant Calculator guide. Want more information on federal aid that youdon'thave to pay back? Learn more abouthow to get a Pell Grant, and check out our guide onPell eligibility requirements. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Business Aspect of The Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Business Aspect of The Firm - Essay Example The struggle by Amalgamated Manufacturing to make profit shows that the business aspect of the firm is not doing well. Profit maximization depends on costs of operation and revenues generated (Moyer, et al. 2008). Costs of operation should be minimized and revenues maximized. The goals of the form therefore include: expound business aspect, minimize cost of operation and improve sales of electronic components in order to maximize revenues. In expounding the business aspect, the firm may need to conduct consumer research in a bid to identify the loopholes characteristic of its products in the market. Customer satisfaction is fundamental in pursuing profitability of the firm. This is because; they seek to maximize their utility at the minimum cost possible. On the same note, revenues and costs determine profitability. Revenues are generated from sales volume, and it is therefore essential to boost sales in the pursuit of profits. Agency problem depicts an aspect of conflict of interest between the principal and the agent. The principal requires that the agent pursues goals and objectives set by the principal. Sometimes an agent pursues other goals and objectives other than those set by the principal, resulting in an agency problem (Moyer, et al. 2008) In the case of Amalgamated Manufacturing, conflict of interest may arise between the owner(s) of the firm and the manager(s). Owner(s) may want to maximize profits, while the manager(s) may seek to pursue another set of activities before the profit motive. These differences therefore result in conflicting ideas of the right time to push for profitability. The firm therefore may continue to struggle for profitability as a result of the characteristic agency problem.

What Customer Service Means To M Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What Customer Service Means To M - Term Paper Example So I then contacted the customer service at Bank of America to assist me in correcting this error or cancel it. After speaking to not one, but several customer service reps. I still got the same answer from each one, â€Å"sorry you had plenty of time all week to correct it, it’s now in the system and will be processed†. So then I called the customer service dep’t at PSE&G to explain what’s happening and see if they can help stop this train wreck. Well, guess what, I practically got the same responses from their customer service reps, but with even a bigger attitude. They told me â€Å"well when we get the check we’ll going to process it because it’s our money†. Now this is after they’ve confirmed that the bill was only for $195.89. So after being on the phone with both companies for about 3 hours total on a Friday night, I immediately stopped all of my current transactions for the rest of the month with the online bill pay system. The very next day, Saturday, I went to the local bank branch, sat down with the branch manager and explained what I went thru the night before, and what’s happening. He calmly looked at my account, saw what was happening, and called the main office or dep’t that handles the electronic bill pay services to inform them to correct or cancel that particular transaction. To his shocking surprise he was told he doesn’t have that authority to instruct or direct anyone in that dept. to do so. As he hangs up the phone, he looks at me and says he’s sorry that he cannot do anything either and that it has to go thru the system to be processed, when PSE&G submits the check for payment. But he did tell me â€Å"don’t worry about it, I can see it’s an simple error and it’ll be rejected because I didn’t have enough funds to cover it, and that he’ll just bounce it back to them for insufficient funds, I should keep my eye on my account to inform him as to